Susan D. Greenbaum, Afro-Cubans in Ybor City: A Centennial History (Tampa: [s.n.], 1986)

Ybor City was created in 1886 in Tampa as an enclave for Cuban cigarworkers. Afro-Cubans, 90 percent of whom worked in the cigar industry, were among the highest-paid skilled workers at the time. About 15 percent of the Cubans in Tampa were black.